HPV VACCINATION
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. HPV is usually harmless and goes away by itself, but some types can lead to cancer or genital warts. HPV can cause six types of cancer: These include anal cancer, cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. Being vaccinated is the best way to prevent HPV infection, cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers. Screening can detect cervical precancers that can be treated before they develop into cancer.
Who Should Take HPV Vaccination?
HPV vaccines should be given to all girls and boys from age 9–14 years, before they become sexually active. Gardasil 9 ® (9vHPV), active against 9 HPV types, 2 low-risk (6, 11) and 7 high-risk (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) types. About 70% of HPV-related cervical cancer is caused by HPV-16 or HPV-18. HPV types 6 and 11 cause approximately 90 percent of anogenital warts.
- 9 to 15 years of age receive two doses of HPV vaccine at 0 and 6–12 months.
- 15 years of age to 26 years – three doses of HPV vaccine should be given at 0, 1 to 2 (typically 2), and 6 months.
- Ddults 27 years and older: although the vaccine is approved for individuals up to 45 years of age, the decision about the vaccination is made on an individual basis. Studies show that the HPV vaccine is safe and prevents lasting infections. They also show that the vaccine reduces precancerous lesions. Recent research suggests that reducing precancerous lesions results in less cancer.
HPV Testing: Detecting the Virus and Assessing Risk
In addition to vaccination, regular HPV testing plays a crucial role in cervical cancer prevention. The HPV test detects the presence of human papillomavirus, specifically focusing on high-risk types that are more likely to cause pre-cancers and cervical cancers. Unlike the Pap test, which identifies cell changes or abnormal cells in the cervix, the HPV test directly detects the virus itself. However, it’s important to note that the HPV test cannot diagnose pre-cancer or cancer directly; instead, it serves as an early warning system for potential risk.
Your healthcare provider may recommend an HPV test if you fall into certain categories, such as:
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Routine Screening: Women aged 30 and older may undergo HPV testing along with their Pap test during routine cervical cancer screening.
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Follow-up After Abnormal Pap Results: If your Pap test shows abnormal cell changes, an HPV test can help determine the risk level and guide further management.
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Monitoring Post-Treatment: After treatment for cervical dysplasia or other HPV-related conditions, regular HPV testing ensures ongoing surveillance.
Remember that early detection through HPV testing allows for timely intervention and reduces the chances of cervical cancer progression. Consult your healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate screening schedule based on your individual risk factors.